Back To Basics: All You Need To Know About V Belts In Cars
V belts are a crucial component of the power transmission system in cars. They connect the engine's crankshaft to various ancillary components like alternators, AC compressors, water pumps, and more. With their trapezoidal, V-shaped cross-section, V belts offer superior performance compared to traditional flat belts. In this blog, we'll explore the advantages and disadvantages of V belts, common problems that may arise, the difference between V belts and wedge belts, and how to get the most out of your V belt.
1. Why Are They Called V-Belts?
The term "V belt" is derived from the shape of the belt itself, which resembles a trapezoidal "V". V belts replaced flat belts due to their higher load-pulling capacity and reduced torque tension. They are typically made from urethane, neoprene, or rubber, and they play a vital role in power transmission in vehicles.
2. Advantages of V Belts
a. Short Length: V belts are shorter than serpentine belts, reducing the risk of multiple component failures in case of belt failure.
b. Easy Replacement: V belts are straightforward to replace, making maintenance more convenient.
c. Few Components Powered: V belts connect only a few components, simplifying the system.
3. Disadvantages of V Belts
a. Serpentine Belts Replacement: Serpentine belts are replacing V belts in some applications due to their design advantages.
b. Difficulty in Sourcing: V belts can be harder to find and may be more expensive compared to serpentine belts.
c. Simultaneous Wear: All V belts in the vehicle wear out at a similar rate, leading to multiple replacements during service.
d. Potential Component Damage: A loose V belt can damage the component it's powering.
4. Common V Belt Problems
a. Sidewall Wear: Caused by worn or damaged pulleys, excess heat, or exposure to oil and grease.
b. Back Wear: Results from forced belt installation and improper tensioning.
c. Soft or Swollen Belts: Excess exposure to oil and grease causes softening and swelling, leading to improper fit on pulleys.
d. Slipping and Squealing Belts: Worn-out or damaged pulleys and improper tensioning cause slipping and squealing.
e. Split V Belt Covers: Improper tension or foreign objects in the grooves lead to cover splitting.
f. Cracking on the Underside: Excessive heat and misaligned pulleys cause V belts to crack.
g. Missing Teeth or Cogs: Caused by excessive heat, small or misaligned pulleys, or improper storage.
h. Pulley Bushes that Crack: Overly tensioned belts or worn-out/damaged pulleys can cause cracks in pulley bushes.
5. Multi V Belts
Multi V belts, also known as multi-ribbed V belts, have multiple grooves on their surface for contact with the pulley. They are thinner, more flexible, and produce less heat than regular V belts. However, they require multiple belts for engine accessories, unlike serpentine belts that use only one.
6. V Belt vs. Wedge Belt
V belts have a V-shaped cross-section and offer low noise operation, making them suitable for running ancillary accessories in cars. On the other hand, wedge belts have a wedge-shaped cross-section, providing superior power transmission capabilities for high-powered applications.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About V Belts in Cars
Q1. How tight should a V belt be?
Answer: The V belt should have no more than half an inch of slack when properly tensioned. You can adjust the tension using the adjusting bolt and then tighten the mounting bolt with a ratchet and socket.
Q2. How far should a V belt sit in a pulley?
Answer: The top of the V belt should be within an inch of the top of the pulley. If the V belt sits too low in the pulley, it indicates that the belt is worn out and needs replacement.
Q3. How do you install an adjustable V belt?
Answer: Follow these steps for proper installation:
1. Check pulleys for wear and tear, ensuring they are free from oil, dirt, and grease.
2. Ensure the pulleys are correctly aligned.
3. Make sure the V belt is in good condition and the correct type for the application.
4. Slip the belts onto the drive without stretching or forcing them.
5. Bring the drive units together to slip the belt on.
6. Adjust the center distance between the pulleys to achieve the right tension, allowing about half an inch of slack in the belt.
Q4. Which way do you install a link belt?
Answer: The inside tabs of the link belt should point towards the pulley for quieter operation. When viewed from the top, the tab ends should also point towards the pulley, and the link belt should rest high in the pulley groove.
Q5. When should a V-belt pulley be changed?
Answer: V belt idler pulleys usually last 50,000 to 100,000 kilometers before needing replacement. They wear out over time and should be replaced along with the V belt replacement.
Q6. Are Accu-Link belts better than V belts?
Answer: Accu-Link belts are designed as an alternative to regular V belts. They offer easy installation, high power rate, resistance to harsh conditions, quiet and smooth operation, and can withstand high temperatures. They also handle pulley misalignment better than standard V belts.
Q7. Do V belts stretch?
Answer: Yes, V belts do stretch and expand to some extent while transmitting torque without slipping or breaking during operation.
Q8. What is a cogged V belt?
Answer: A cogged V belt has slots running perpendicular to its length, which reduces bending resistance. Cogged belts are more durable, efficient, and run cooler than standard V belts.
Q9. What causes the V belt to keep twisting?
Answer: Misalignment of the pulleys is a common cause of V belt twisting, leading to premature wear and replacement. Proper alignment and using a new V belt can help solve this issue.
Q10. Why does my V belt keep slipping?
Answer: V belt slipping occurs when the tension decreases beyond a certain point or due to misaligned pulleys. Slipping generates heat and friction, damaging the belt and reducing its gripping ability. It may also cause a high-pitched squeal.
Conclusion:
V belts are indispensable for efficient power transmission in cars, driving essential components like alternators, AC compressors, and more. Regular inspection and timely replacement can help avoid potential issues and serious engine damage. With the right maintenance and understanding, V belts can contribute to the smooth operation and longevity of a vehicle's powertrain system.
Reviewed by Tech Sneha
on
August 05, 2023
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